ABSTRACT
The nutritional status of patients with spinal cord injury affects the rehabilitation and outcome of patients, and has not received enough attention. Joint interventions such as diet control and exercise are effective. In addition, nutrition training for medical staff and nutrition education for patients are necessary, and the relevant nutrition policy of hospital should also be revised. At present, the nutritional assessment criteria for patients with spinal cord injury are not sufficient. Because of the specificity of patients with spinal cord injury, the evaluation criteria for healthy people are not applicable, and it is difficult to detect malnutrition early. A comprehensive evaluation system for patients with spinal cord injury in China should be established using evaluation scales, blood indicators and skin pleat thickness, and nutrition assessment should be used as a part of routine management.
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can directly and quantitatively analyze tissue metabolism. In the field of rehabilitation, it has been used in the prognosis of spinal cord injury, and observation of the metabolic changes after injury; in the diagnosis of stroke, cognitive dysfunction assessment, and dystonia mechanism research; exploring the rehabilitation mechanism of Parkinson's disease. It can be used in tumors for auxiliary diagnosis of prostate cancer and brain tumors. In addition, it can be used to assess the severity and prognosis of heat stroke, and to study the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and multiple system atrophy. It was found in the animal experiments that it can optimize the experimental design. With the development of advanced shimming algorithms and other technologies, the limitations of MRS will be gradually broken.
ABSTRACT
The chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Clausena emarginata were separated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,and PR-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis,as well as comparisons with the data reported in the literature. Sixteen compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of C. emarginata,which were identified as siamenol( 1),murrastanine A( 2),3-formyl-1,6-dimethoxycarbazole( 3),3-methoxymethylcarbazole( 4),3-methylcarbazole( 5),murrayafoline A( 6),3-formylcarbazole( 7),3-formyl-1-hydroxycarbazole( 8),3-formyl-6-methoxycarbazole( 9),murrayanine( 10),murrayacine( 11),girinimbine( 12),nordentatin( 13),chalepin( 14),8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-pentylisocoumarin( 15) and ethyl orsellinate( 16). Compounds 1-4,14-16 were isolated from C. emarginata for the first time. Among them,compounds 1,2,15 and 16 were isolated from the genus Clausena for the first time. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. Compounds 12 and 14 showed significant inhibitory effects against various human cancer cell lines with IC_(50) values comparable to those of doxorubicin.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Clausena , Chemistry , Doxorubicin , Phytochemicals , Pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To study the dynamic changes of the intestinal function of neurogenic bowel dysfunction rats caused by spi-nal cord injury using X-ray radiography. Methods Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (n=12) and spinal cord injury group (n=12). The T10spinal cord injury model was established using aneurysm clip (70 grams calibration force) for 60 seconds. The control group exposed the dura only. X-ray Barium was used to observe the dynamic changes of in-testinal function, and HE staining was used to observe the pathology of the colon before and four weeks after modeling. Results Compared with the control group, gastric emptying and intestinal transit function significantly reduced in the spinal cord injury group (P<0.05). Conclusion The spinal cord injury model can be successfully duplicated with aneurysm clip in rats; neurogenic bowel dysfunction occurs after spinal cord injury, gastric emptying and intestinal transit function are weakened.
ABSTRACT
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction is one of the most common complications of spinal cord injury.It can cause abdominal distension,constipation,fecal incontinence,difficult defecation,prolonged defecation and other symptoms.At present, neurogenic bowel dysfunction is mainly evaluated through general condition,physical examination,experimental exami-nation,professional scales and intestinal microbiota,etc.
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Acute spinal cord injury(ASCI)can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury.Spinal cord edema is important for the development of secondary injury after ASCI.Spinal cord edema can be mainly divided into cytotoxic edema and angioedema.The application of dehydrating agents in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is obvious.This article de-scribed the application of mannitol,hypertonic saline,glycerol fructose,furosemide,human serum albumin,resveratrol and other dehydrating agents in the treatment of ASCI.
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Phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) are the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). The constant discoveries of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cell-signaling pathway for smooth muscle (SM) control in other urogenital tracts (UGTs) make PDE5-Is promising pharmacologic agents against other benign urological diseases. This article reviews the literature and contains some previously unpublished data about characterizations and activities of PDE5 and its inhibitors in treating urological disorders. Scientific discoveries have improved our understanding of cell-signaling pathway in NO/cGMP-mediated SM relaxation in UGTs. Moreover, the clinical applications of PDE5-Is have been widely recognized. On-demand PDE5-Is are efficacious for most cases of ED, while daily-dosing and combination with testosterone are recommended for refractory cases. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators also have promising role in the management of severe ED conditions. PDE5-Is are also the first rehabilitation strategy for postoperation or postradiotherapy ED for prostate cancer patients. PDE5-Is, especially combined with adrenoceptor antagonists, are very effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) except on maximum urinary flow rate (Q max ) with tadalafil recently proved for BPH with/without ED. Furthermore, PDE5-Is are currently under various phases of clinical or preclinical researches with promising potential for other urinary and genital illnesses, such as priapism, premature ejaculation, urinary tract calculi, overactive bladder, Peyronie′s disease, and female sexual dysfunction. Inhibition of PDE5 is expected to be an effective strategy in treating benign urological diseases. However, further clinical studies and basic researches investigating mechanisms of PDE5-Is in disorders of UGTs are required.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of closed vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation in the treatment of scald burns with seawater immersion in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty New Zealand rabbits were subjected to deep partial-thickness scald burns in 4 regions on the bilateral skin of the spine. The wounds were managed with common dressing (group A), common dressing after seawater immersion (group B), closed vacuum drainage after seawater immersion (group C), or closed vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation after seawater immersion (group D). Wound effusion and tissue necrosis were observed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the burns. Tissue samples were collected from the wounds for HE staining and immunohistochemistry for VEGF and CD31, and the changes of capillary endothelial cells in the wound were observed using electron microscopy. The water content in the wound tissues was determined, and the wound healing rate was calculated after the injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sea water immersion of the wound results in earlier onset of edema and more extensive tissue necrosis in the scalded rabbits. The mean necrotic area in groups C and D was smaller than that in group B early after the burns, and vacuum drainage promoted necrotic tissue elimination and accelerated wound healing. Early after the burns, water content in the tissues increased with time in all the groups and reached the highest level at 3 days, and was significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B. Pathologically, vascular endothelial cell damage at the wound site was worsened after seawater immersion. In group D, the basement membrane damage was milder and the endothelial cell membrane remained intact at the wound site, where new blood vessels occurred at 3 days after the burns, a time earlier than that in the other 3 groups with also the highest vascular density.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Closed vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation can relieve edema at the scald wound with seawater immersion, improve microcirculation, accelerate the removal of necrotic tissue, and promote the growth of new blood vessels.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Burns , Therapeutics , Drainage , Methods , Edema , Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Heparin , Therapeutic Uses , Seawater , Skin , Wounds and Injuries , Therapeutic Irrigation , Vacuum , Wound HealingABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate whether the cultivation peony, can take the place of wild herbaceous peony by comparing the biological traits and paeoniflorin content between them. The result showed that the biomass of the stem, leaf, crown, fleshy root and fine root of wild plants were all smaller than that of bud asexual cultivated plants, while there was no significant differences in below-ground and aboveground biomass ratio between these two plants. The stele diameter, the proportion of stele, and the ratio of stele diameter to cortex thickness of wild plants were significantly higher than that of bud asexual cultivated plants, while the cortex thickness and the proportion of cortex were significantly smaller than bud asexual cultivated plants. Although the biological traits of bud asexual cultivated plants have changed significantly, the paeoniflorin content in fleshy roots has no significant difference between wild and bud asexual cultivated plants. Therefore, it is feasible to use the bud asexual cultivation to the conservation and large-scale cultivation of Paeonia laciflora, which is an endangered species.
Subject(s)
Glucosides , Monoterpenes , Paeonia , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate, in vitro, the effect of cathepsins specific inhibitor N-(trans-epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucine 4-guanidinobutylamide(E-64) on dental endogenous cathepsins and to find its most effective molarity to elevate dentin-resin bonding durability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty recently extracted human third molars were divided into five groups according to random number table, and treated with different molarity of E-64 as follow: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 µmol/L. The group 0 µmol/L was control group. Then 20 specimens of dentin-resin composite were fabricated in each group. Half of the specimens were tested after 24 h water storage(37 °C) and the other half were tested after 90 days water storage(37 °C) followed by 3000 cycles'thermocyling(5-55 °C) as aging treatment. Fractured specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 24 h water storage, no significant differences were found in micro-tensile bond strength(µTBS) of samples between different groups (P > 0.05). However, after ageing treatment, µTBS of the samples in group 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 µmol/L [(18.7 ± 2.7), (20.8 ± 3.4), (18.3 ± 2.8) and (19.1 ± 2.7) MPa] were significantly higher than that in group 0 µmol/L [(15.1 ± 3.0) MPa] (P < 0.05). Only in the group 5.0 µmol/L no significant difference was found between the original and the decreased value of µTBS(P > 0.05), while the µTBS in other groups decreased significantly after aging treatment(P < 0.05). Failure types were almost adhesive and mixed types. Collagens in hybrid layer were less degraded in the groups using E-64 after aging treatment than control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>E-64 was effective on inhibiting cathepsins activity in dentin, and induced less collagens degradation in smear layer for better dentin-resin bond durability.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Young Adult , Cathepsins , Collagen , Metabolism , Composite Resins , Chemistry , Dental Bonding , Dental Stress Analysis , Dentin , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Leucine , Pharmacology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Molar, Third , Random Allocation , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of serum cystatin C (Cys-C), urinary Cys-C, urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the early assessment of multiple myeloma (MM) and their characteristic changes in different pathological types of renal impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the patients were divided into two groups, of which marked group A with normal renal function, the other marked group B with abnormal renal function. Sixty healthy subjects were chosen as control. Detection of the serum Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary Cys-C, urinary NGAL, serum creatinine (Scr), urinary microalbumin (MAU) and urinary α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) were performed. Renal biopsy was carried out for patients who had abnormal serum Cys-C, urinary Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary NGAL and were willing to accept further test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with healthy controls, the serum Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary Cys-C, urinary NGAL of group A were significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Six group A patients received renal biopsy, and varying degrees of renal damage were discovered. The serum Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary Cys-C and urinary NGAL positive rate were 66.7%, 66.7%, 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Of twenty-four cases received biopsy after abnormal examination results were shown, six turned out to be amyloidosis, twelve cast nephropathy (CN) and 6 monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD). Compared with MIDD and amyloidosis, the urinary Cys-C and NGAL of the CN group are significantly higher (P < 0.05). Compared with CN and amyloidosis, urinary RBP of MIDD is significantly higher (P = 0.043). Compared with MIDD and CN, the MAU of amyloidosis is significantly higher (P = 0.006).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the conventional indicators, serum Cys-C, urinary Cys-C, RBP and NGAL are more sensitive in early assessment of MM patients with renal damage. The MAU is higher in amyloid, the urinary Cys-C and urinary NGAL are significantly elevated in CN, the urinary RBP is significantly elevated in MIDD.</p>